Résumé :
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[BDSP. Notice produite par INIST-CNRS AtHHR0xo. Diffusion soumise à autorisation]. Background : Smoking during pregnancy has been consistently associated with risk of problem behaviour in offspring. There is debate about whether this association reflects a teratological effect or is a marker for problematic maternal characteristics. We test these "competing" hypotheses by examining whether (1) exposure is associated with an early risk pathway by testing its association with infant temperamental diffi-cultness, and (2) whether pregnancy quitting is associated with an early protective pathway, testing its association with easy infant temperament. Methods : We used the 9-month-old sweep of the Millennium Cohort Study, a cohort of over 18 000 infants born in 2000-2. Mothers were classified as pregnancy non-smokers, quitters and light or heavy smokers. Temperamental positive mood, receptivity to novelty and regularity were assessed with the Carey Infant Temperament Scale. Results : Pregnancy quitters had infants with the highest scores of easy temperament and heavy smokers had infants with the lowest scores (F=28.51, p
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