Résumé :
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[BDSP. Notice produite par INIST-CNRS R0xKbSvY. Diffusion soumise à autorisation]. Objective : To assess the effect of a demerit points system, introduced in Italy in July 2003, on the prevalence of seat belt use (intermediate outcome) and the number of road traffic deaths and injuries (health outcomes). Design : Preand post-intervention regional observational study for seat belt investigation (April 2003, October 2004) ; national time-series analysis of road traffic deaths and injuries between 1999 and 2004 for health outcomes. Setting : Veneto region, Italy. Participants : 19 551 drivers, 19 057 front passengers and 8123 rear passengers estimated to be aged over 11 years were included in the investigation into seat belt use. 38 154 fatalities and 1 938 550 injured subjects were examined for the time-series analysis. Interventions : Demerit points system. Main outcome measures : The proportions of drivers and front and rear passengers observed to be using seat belts before and after the intervention ; estimates of lives and injuries saved through the implementation of a penalty points system. Results : The demerit points system was followed by an increase in observed seat belt use of 51.8% (95% confidence interval 48.7% to 54.9%) among drivers, of 42.3% (95% confidence interval 39.2% to 45.5%) among front passengers and of 120.7% (95% confidence interval 99.4% to 144.3%) among rear passengers. It is estimated that 1545 (95% confidence interval 1387 to 1703 ; p
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