Titre : | Cardiovascular Disease. Steps Forward: Review and Recommendations for Research on Walkability, Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health. (2011) |
Auteurs : | LOVASI (Gina S.) ; Stéphanie GRADY ; Andrew RUNDLE |
Type de document : | Article |
Dans : | Public Health Reviews (vol. 33, n° 2, 2011) |
Pagination : | 484-506 |
Langues: | Anglais |
Mots-clés : | Appareil circulatoire [pathologie] ; Appareil cardiovasculaire ; Facteur risque ; Urbanisme ; Aménagement urbain ; Aménagement espace ; Activité physique ; Indice poids taille ; Facteur psychosocial |
Résumé : | Built environments that support walking and other physical activities have the potential to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD). While much of the literature has focused on urban form and planning characteristics, additional aspects of street-scapes, such as natural and architectural amenities, should also be considered. Promising future directions include (1) integration of multiple built environment measures that facilitate an understanding of how individuals perceive and act within their environment; (2) examination of both the daily physical activities that are most feasibly influenced by the local environment and those more deliberate or vigorous patterns of physical activity that are most predictive of CVD; (3) consideration of multiple pathways that could mediate a link between walkability and CVD, including not only physical activity, but also air quality improvements from reduced vehicle mileage and enhanced neighborhood social cohesion from unplanned interactions; (4) testing competing hypotheses that may explain interactions of built environment characteristics with each other and with personal barriers to walking; (5) stronger conceptualization of the multiple neighborhoods or activity spaces that structure opportunities for physical activity throughout the day; (6) collecting and strategically analyzing longitudinal data to support causal inference; and (7) studying neighborhood preferences and selection to move beyond biased assessments of neighborhood health effects. While walkability has been linked to health-related behaviors and CVD risk factors, the implications of the observed correlations are not yet clear. |
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