Résumé :
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[BDSP. Notice produite par INIST 4xzR0x5j. Diffusion soumise à autorisation]. Context Alcoholism affects approximately 10% of Americans at some time in their lives. Treatment consists of psychosocial interventions, pharmacological interventions, or both, but which drugs are most effective at enhancing abstinence and preventing relapse has not been systematically reviewed. Objective To evaluate the efficacy of 5 categories of drugs used to treat alcohol dependence-disulfiram, the opioid antagonists naltrexone and nalmefene, acamprosate, various serotonergic agents (including selective serotonergic reuptake inhibitors), and lithium. Data Sources Reports of randomized controlled trials, nonrandomized trials, and other study designs in English, French, and German identified from multiple searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and specialized databases ; hand searching bibliographies of review articles ; searches for unpublished literature ; and discussions with investigators in the field. Study Selection We included all studies on alcohol-dependent human subjects aged 18 years or older from all inpatient and outpatient settings between 1966 and December 1997 that met our inclusion criteria. (...)
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