Titre :
|
Risk of gastroenteritis among triathletes in relation to faecal pollution of fresh waters. (1998)
|
Auteurs :
|
I.A. VAN ASPEREN ;
M.W. BORGDORFF ;
A.H. HAVELAAR ;
G. MEDEMA ;
M.J.W. SPRENGER ;
Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology. National Institute of Public Health and the Environment. BA Bilthoven. NLD
|
Type de document :
|
Article
|
Dans :
|
International journal of epidemiology (vol. 27, n° 2, 1998)
|
Pagination :
|
309-315
|
Langues:
|
Anglais
|
Mots-clés :
|
Gastroentérite
;
Pollution eau
;
Activité physique
;
Epidémiologie
;
Facteur risque
;
Homme
;
Appareil digestif [pathologie]
;
Estomac [pathologie]
;
Intestin [pathologie]
|
Résumé :
|
[BDSP. Notice produite par INIST 9z8xR0xl. Diffusion soumise à autorisation]. Background We conducted a prospective cohort study among endurance athletes to investigate the effects of microbiological water quality on the risk of gastroenteritis after bathing in fresh waters that meet current water quality standards. We aimed to establish quantitative relationships, in order to evaluate current bathing water standards. Methods The study was spread over two summers, during which 827 triathletes (swimmers) in seven Olympic distance triathlons and 773 participants in 15 run-bike-runs (non-swimming controls) participated. Intensive water quality monitoring was used to assess exposure to faecal indicator organisms and detailed questionnaires were used to collect data on the occurrence of health complaints and potential confounding factors. Results The microbiological water quality at the time of the triathlons met current Dutch and European bathing water standards. Dependent on the case definition studied, gastroenteritis developed in 0.4-5.2% of swimmers and 0.1-2.1% of non-swimmers in the week following exposure (odds ratio [OR]=1.6-2.3). Attack rates and burden of disease varied with the case definition used. Among swimmers, the attack rate of gastroenteritis was significantly increased when the geometric mean concentration of thermotolerant coliforms in the water at the time of exposure was 20/100 ml or the geometric mean concentration of Escherichia coli was 355/100 ml (OR comparing high versus low exposure 2.9-4. (...)
|