Résumé :
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[BDSP. Notice produite par INIST eR0xodYf. Diffusion soumise à autorisation]. Methadone Maintenance Treatment as a method of treating hard core opioid addiction has been developed in Sweden since 1966, modelled after the pioneering works by Drs. Dole and Nyswander in New York. The treatment is thoroughly evaluated by professor Gunne and coworkers at the University of Uppsala and has proven to be safe and efficacious. In a prospective, randomised study it was found that 74% of patients who received MMT where rehabilitated after 2 years, as opposed to 6% in the control group, that was offered drug free treatment only. In another study, it was shown that the mortality among actively heroin abusing street addicts was extremely high, as opposed to patients within MMT. The risk of contracting HIV is shown to be sharply reduced for patients in MMT vs. street addicts. In all, MMT according to the Swedish model (high threshold intake, specialised treatment teams and thorough follow-up of patients in treatment with comprehensive service for psycho social rehabilitation and adequately high doses of methadone) reduces mortality and the risk of contracting HIV, prostitution and criminality among patients treated. The results do not support the use of methadone in less controlled settings, without supportive treatment and control.
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