Titre : | Analyse of lead in dust by ICP-MS - Development of a method for estimation of the exposure of children to lead. |
Auteurs : | Karim HADIL ; Ecole Nationale de la Santé Publique (ENSP) (Rennes, FRA) |
Type de document : | Mémoire |
Année de publication : | 2005 |
Description : | 27p. |
Langues: | Français |
Classement : | FR60/ (MALADIES LIEES A DES AGENTS PHYSIQUES ET CHIMIQUES) |
Mots-clés : | Exposition ; Enfant ; Plomb ; Analyse ; Santé environnementale ; Facteur risque ; Plasma sanguin ; Epidémiologie ; Examen sanguin |
Résumé : | The aim of this study, which was performed at the ENSP, École Nationale de la Santé Publique, Rennes, France, was to create a protocol for the analysis of lead in house dust using inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). The reason for this is the possibility of making a risk assessment on site, in this case in the homes of small children. Lead is a dangerous toxic and in particular to children in the ages of 0-6 years because of their behaviour. They tend to put toys and other items into their mouths along with the dust. It is crucial to keep the amount of lead in the blood on a low level, preferably less than 100 mg/l blood. One way to assess exposure, via all media including dust, is to take blood samples of the children. The other and much more comfortable way is to analyse the house dust. By digesting the dust via leaching, the bioavailable lead can be estimated. It can tell whether or not a dust is dangerous to the child's health. Nine different dust samples from homes in Rennes and it's surroundings were examined along with two reference materials, SRM 2583 and SRM 2584, with known lead content. Tests showed that nitric acid gives good recoveries compared to the nitrohydrochloric acid (1/3 nitric acid and 2/3 hydrochloric acid) during a mineralisation. And in the choice between a micro-wave and the Digiprep, as a digestion system, the Digiprep has more advantages. The leaching made it obvious that the amount of bioavailable lead is very small compared to the total lead available. Further on, not all lead is bioavailable simply because the lead can be more or less tightly bound in different chemical compounds. This means that a dust rich in lead is not necessarily dangerous to the health. It all depends on how the lead is bound. The isotopic ratios are very useful in the search of the lead sources. In this case it was used to dismiss sources as being potential lead sources. It was concluded that the samples didn't exhibit lead from plumbing, industry, rainwater, water plants or leaded gasoline. Instead the lead might originate from the ancient mine of Pont-Péan in the south of Rennes. (R.A.) |
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