Résumé :
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[BDSP. Notice produite par INIST 2zBIR0xO. Diffusion soumise à autorisation]. Background In HIV-1-infected individuals, viral load has been reported to rise transiently if an acute infection with another organism occurs. Our study was prompted by the unexpected finding that HIV-1 copy number fell during an acute infection with Orientia tsutsugamushi, the causative agent of scrub typhus. Methods Serial HIV-1 viral load determinations were made in ten Thai adults with scrub typhus, who were not receiving antiretroviral therapy, and in five HIV-1-infected patients who had other infections (four malaria, one leptospirosis), during and after acute infections. Sera from HIV-1-infected patients with scrub typhus and from mice immunised with O tsutsugamushi were examined for HIV-1-suppressive activity. Findings Median viral load 3 days after admission was significantly lower in the scrub-typhus group than in patients with other infections (193% vs 376% of day 28 values, p=0.03). In four 0 tsutsugamushi-infected patients HIV-1 RNA copy number fell by three-fold or more compared with day 28 values, and HIV-1 copy numbers were below the assay threshold in two patients with scrub typhus. Five of seven HIV-1 isolates from non-typhus patients with CD4 lymphocytes less than 200 cells/muL were syncytia-inducing variants, whereas all ten isolates from O tsutsugamushi-infected individuals matched by CD4-cell count were non-syncytia inducing (p=0.03). Sera from an HIV-1-negative patient with scrub typhus had potent HIV-1-suppressive activity in vitro. (...)
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