| Titre : | The urban environment and children's health : Soils as an integrator of lead, zinc, and cadmium in New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A. (1999) |
| Auteurs : | H.W. MIELKE ; C.R. GONZALES ; P.W. MIELKE ; M.K. Smith ; Institute of Bioenvironmental Toxicology Cbr College of Pharmacy. Xavier University. New Orleans. LA. USA |
| Type de document : | Article |
| Dans : | Environmental research (vol. 81, n° 2, 1999) |
| Pagination : | 117-129 |
| Langues: | Anglais |
| Mots-clés : | Milieu urbain ; Prévention santé ; Sol ; Etats Unis ; Amérique ; Pollution ; Environnement ; Analyse sol ; Analyse chimique ; Plomb ; Zinc ; Cadmium ; Taux ; Sang ; Enfant ; Homme ; Epidémiologie ; Amérique du Nord |
| Résumé : | [BDSP. Notice produite par INIST nEEbR0xO. Diffusion soumise à autorisation]. Soils are evaluated as a diagnostic tool of environmental conditions that influence health. The samples for this study are urban topsoil (0-2.5 cm depth) samples (n=4026) analyzed for Pb, Zn, and Cd by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The parent materials for New Orleans soils are derived from the Mississippi River, and alluvium from the Bonnet Carré Spillway (n=31) serve as control samples for this study. The urban samples were stratified by census tract (n=286). Blood Pb (BL) levels of children <=6 years were also stratified by census tract and paired with soil Pb (SL) (n=175). A significant association (P=1.2x10-23) was found between median BL and median SL. The association was modeled by BL=3.06+0.33 (SL) 0.5 (correlation coefficient=0.69 between the modeled BL and the observed BL and P=3.5x10-22). A median SL threshold (>=310 mug g-1) and<310 mug g-1) for higher metal census tracts (HMCTs) and lower metal census tracts (LMCTs), respectively, represents median BL exposures above and below 9 mug dL-1. HMCTs and LMCTs were characterized by demographic and socioeconomic data. HMCTs are more likely (P=4.5x10-6) inhabited by Blacks than by Whites. Of 13,803 children<6 years in HMCTs, 75% are Black and 22% are White, with other making up the remaining 3%. In LMCTs, the Black to White children ratio is 50 : 50. In HMCTs, socioeconomic indicators for Blacks are depressed compared to Whites. Zn and Cd are potentially phytotoxic in HMCTs. (...) |
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