| Titre : | Ecological effects in multi-level studies. (2000) |
| Auteurs : | T.A. BLAKELY ; A.J. WOODWARD ; Department of Public Health. Wellington School of Medicine. University of Otago. Wellington. NZL |
| Type de document : | Article |
| Dans : | Journal of epidemiology and community health (vol. 54, n° 5, 2000) |
| Pagination : | 367-374 |
| Langues: | Anglais |
| Mots-clés : | Nouvelle Zélande ; Océanie ; Homme ; Etat santé ; Epidémiologie ; Méthodologie |
| Résumé : | [BDSP. Notice produite par INIST SsR0xZ58. Diffusion soumise à autorisation]. Multi-level research that attempts to describe ecological effects in themselves (for example, the effect on individual health from living in deprived communities), while also including individual level effects (for example, the effect of personal socioeconomic disadvantage), is now prominent in research on the socioeconomic determinants of health and disease. Such research often involves the application of advanced statistical multi-level methods. It is hypothesised that such research is at risk of reaching beyond an epidemiological understanding of what constitutes an ecological effect, and what sources of error may be influencing any observed ecological effect. This paper aims to present such an epidemiological understanding. Three basic types of ecological effect are described : a direct cross level effect (for example, living in a deprived community directly affects individual personal health), cross level effect modification (for example, living in a deprived community modifies the effect of individual socioeconomic status on individual health), and an indirect cross level effect (for example, living in a deprived community increases the risk of smoking, which in turn affects individual health). (...) |
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