| Titre : | The relationship between urban airborne pollution and short-term mortality : Quantitative and qualitative aspects. (2000) |
| Auteurs : | A. IZZOTTI ; C. FARE ; S. PARODI ; A. QUAGLIA ; M. VERCELLI ; National Institute for Cancer Research. Genoa. ITA |
| Type de document : | Article |
| Dans : | European journal of epidemiology (vol. 16, n° 11, 2000) |
| Pagination : | 1027-1034 |
| Langues: | Anglais |
| Mots-clés : | Pollution atmosphérique ; Mortalité ; Court terme ; Epidémiologie ; Facteur risque ; Homme |
| Résumé : | [BDSP. Notice produite par INIST-CNRS R0xKLLcM. Diffusion soumise à autorisation]. The influence of airborne pollution on mortality rates has been examined since the well known severe pollution episodes of Pennsylvania (1948) and London (1952). Three main epidemiological approaches are available : transversal studies, time series studies, prospective studies. The most frequently used method is the time series analysis, which retrospectively determines daily mortality rates as compared to daily pollution levels in a defined period. The vast majority of studies applying this approach confirm the existence of a positive correlation between mortality and airborne pollution. The relative risk of death during the most severely polluted days as compared to the least polluted days ranges between 1.02 and 1.13. Airborne pollution affects mortality as related to cardiovascular and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases mainly in subjects previously affected by these pathologies. The dose-response mortality-pollution curve shows linear increments of mortality at low pollution levels, weak increments at high pollution levels. This phenomenon is attributed to the existence of subjects highly susceptible to pollution induced adverse health effects. These subjects, dying at low pollution levels, are not available to increase mortality rates at high pollution levels. Mortality is mainly related to the concentration of single pollutants, such as suspended particle matter, sulfur oxides, nitric oxides and ozone. Elderly are highly susceptible to pollution-induced mortality increases. Therefore, the study of mortality-pollution correlation is of particular interest in cities characterized by a relative prevalence of the elderly in the population. The latency period between pollution increases and related mortality increases falls in the 1-3 days interval range. The pollution-mortality relationship is influenced by many factors, such as the occurrence of exceedingly high or low environmental |
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