| Titre : | Comparing meta-analysis and ecological-longitudinal analysis in time-series studies. A case study of the effects of air pollution on mortality in three Spanish cities. (2001) |
| Auteurs : | M. SAEZ ; F. BALLESTER ; A. FIGUEIRAS ; R. OCANA ; S. PEREZ-HOYOS ; A. Tobias ; Institut Valencia d'Estudis en Salut Publics. Ivesp. Valencia. ESP |
| Type de document : | Article |
| Dans : | Journal of epidemiology and community health (vol. 55, n° 6, 2001) |
| Pagination : | 423-432 |
| Langues: | Anglais |
| Mots-clés : | Pollution atmosphérique ; Mortalité ; Epidémiologie ; Evaluation ; Etude comparée ; Homme ; Espagne ; Europe |
| Résumé : | [BDSP. Notice produite par INIST OJhBR0xw. Diffusion soumise à autorisation]. Study objective-The objective of this paper is to introduce a different approach, called the ecological-longitudinal, to carrying out pooled analysis in time series ecological studies. Because it gives a larger number of data points and, hence, increases the statistical power of the analysis, this approach, unlike conventional ones, allows the complementation of aspects such as accommodation of random effect models, of lags, of interaction between pollutants and between pollutants and meteorological variables, that are hardly implemented in conventional approaches. Design-The approach is illustrated by providing quantitative estimates of the short-term effects of air pollution on mortality in three Spanish cities, Barcelona, Valencia and Vigo, for the period 1992-1994. Because the dependent variable was a count, a Poisson generalised linear model was first specified. Several modelling issues are worth mentioning. Firstly, because the relations between mortality and explanatory variables were nonlinear, cubic splines were used for covariate control, leading to a generalised additive model, GAM. Secondly, the effects of the predictors on the response were allowed to occur with some lag. Thirdly, the residual autocorrelation, because of imperfect control, was controlled for by means of an autoregressive Poisson GAM. Finally, the longitudinal design demanded the consideration of the existence of individual heterogeneity, requiring the consideration of mixed models. Main results-The estimates of the relative risks obtained from the individual analyses varied across cities, particularly those associated with sulphur dioxide. The highest relative risks corresponded to black smoke in Valencia. These estimates were higher than those obtained from the ecological-longitudinal analysis. Relative risks estimated from this latter analysis were practically identical across cities, 1.00638 (95% confidence intervals 1.0002,1.0011) |
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